Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Guidelines and Resources

• IDSA: Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question
  A list from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) of inappropriate and overused clinical practices related to antibiotic prescribing and C. difficile.
   
• CDC: Healthcare Resources | C. diff
  CDC C. difficile guidelines.
   
• APIC: Guide to Preventing Clostridium difficile Infections (PDF)
  APIC Elimination Guide. Large file advisory- file may take some time to download.
   
• JSTOR: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by SHEA/IDSA
  2010 SHEA/IDSA recommendations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and infection control and environmental management for C. difficile.
   
• Pediatrics: Clostridium difficile Infection in Infants and Children: Policy Statement
  For CDI testing and treatment recommendations for infants and children refer to the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement.
   
• ADA: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dentistry
  American Dental Association recommendations for use of antibiotics before dental treatment for patients with certain heart conditions and those with joint replacements.
   
• EPA: Registered Antimicrobial Products Effective against Clostridium difficile Spores
  EPA Listing of disinfectant products with sporicidal activity against C. difficile.

For Acute Care

• Strategies to prevent Clostridium difficile infections in acute care hospitals
  2008 SHEA/IDSA Compendium of infection prevention recommendations for acute care hospitals.
   
• Safe from Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) Toolkit/Roadmap
  This two-tiered intervention approach (core and enhanced) includes four topic areas: early recognition of patients with CDI, isolation precautions, environmental cleaning and disinfection, and antimicrobial stewardship.

For Long Term Care

• Algorithms for Prevention and Management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infections in Long-term Care Facilities (PDF)
  MDH guidance for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile prevention and control including: early recognition and testing, Contact Precautions, room placement, identifying roommates, environmental cleaning and disinfection, and social and activity precautions.

Resources

• Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States
  N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26; 372(9): 825-834.
• Death due to community-associated Clostridium difficile in a woman receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy for suspected Lyme disease
  Clin Infect Dis. August 1, 2010;51(1):369-70.
• Epidemiology of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, 2009 through 2011
  JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Jul; 173(14): 1359-67.
• Effect of nucleic acid amplification testing on population-based incidence rates of Clostridium difficile infection
  Clin Infect Dis. 2013 November; 57(9):1304-1307.
• Impact of changes in Clostridium difficile testing practices on stool rejection policies and C. difficile positivity rates across multiple laboratories in the United States
  J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Feb; 52(2): 632-4.
• Clostridium difficile infection among children across diverse U.S. geographic locations
  Pediatrics. 2014 April; 133(4): 1-8. A.
• NAP1 strain type predicts outcomes from Clostridium difficile infection
  Clin Infect Dis. 2014 May 15; 58(10): 1394-1400.
• Determinants of Clostridium difficile infections across diverse U.S. geographic locations
  Open Forum Infect Dis (Summer 2014) 1 (2): doi:10.1093/ofid/ofu047.
• Current Status of Clostridium difficile Infection Epidemiology
  Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Aug 1; 55(Suppl 2): S65-S70.